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Reasoning and rhetoric guides

Common reasoning faults, loaded language, and framing patterns

These plain-English guides explain common signals that can make articles, posts, and commentary more persuasive than their evidence deserves. LogicLens helps readers spot signals associated with these patterns and many related forms of weak reasoning, loaded wording, missing context, and manipulative framing while they read.

Reasoning checks

Logical fallacies, unsupported leaps, weak comparisons, and arguments that do not follow from the evidence.

Language signals

Loaded wording, emotional framing, scare quotes, leading questions, and spin that steer interpretation.

Context gaps

Missing context, vague sourcing, source mismatch, selective evidence, and omissions that change meaning.

Logical fallacy

Public examples of reasoning problems readers often search for, from ad hominem attacks to slippery slope arguments.

Ad Hominem Fallacy

Learn what an ad hominem fallacy is, how it appears in articles and commentary, and how LogicLens can help readers notice personal attacks that distract from the argument.

Tu Quoque Fallacy

A plain-English guide to the tu quoque fallacy, the hypocrisy deflection, and how LogicLens can help surface this pattern in online arguments.

Guilt by Association Fallacy

Understand guilt by association, a common reasoning shortcut in politics and media, and how LogicLens can help flag association-based attacks.

Post Hoc Fallacy

Learn the post hoc fallacy, also called post hoc ergo propter hoc, and how LogicLens can help readers notice unsupported cause-and-effect leaps.

Appeal to Authority Fallacy

A guide to appeal to authority, weak expert appeals, celebrity claims, and how LogicLens can help readers inspect authority-based arguments.

Appeal to Ignorance Fallacy

Understand appeal to ignorance arguments, burden-of-proof shifts, and how LogicLens can help readers catch unsupported claims.

Non Sequitur Fallacy

Learn what a non sequitur is, why disconnected conclusions are persuasive, and how LogicLens can help readers spot reasoning gaps.

Circular Reasoning

A guide to circular reasoning, begging the question, and how LogicLens can help readers notice arguments that assume what they need to prove.

False Dilemma Fallacy

Understand false dilemma and false binary arguments, and how LogicLens can help readers identify either-or framing in articles and commentary.

False Equivalence

Learn false equivalence, misleading comparisons, and how LogicLens can help readers examine whether two things are being compared fairly.

Gambler's Fallacy

A clear guide to gambler's fallacy, probability mistakes, and how LogicLens can help readers notice weak statistical reasoning.

Appeal to Tradition

Learn appeal to tradition, nostalgia-based arguments, and how LogicLens can help readers inspect claims that rely on the past as proof.

Hasty Generalization

Understand hasty generalization, small-sample reasoning, and how LogicLens can help readers catch broad claims based on thin evidence.

Loaded Question

A guide to loaded questions, hidden assumptions, and how LogicLens can help readers identify questions that steer the answer.

Naturalistic Fallacy

Learn naturalistic fallacy and appeal-to-nature reasoning, and how LogicLens can help readers examine claims that equate natural with good.

Poisoning the Well

Understand poisoning the well, preemptive discrediting, and how LogicLens can help readers notice framing that biases them before an argument begins.

Red Herring Fallacy

Learn red herring arguments, topic shifts, and how LogicLens can help readers notice distractions in debates and commentary.

Slippery Slope Fallacy

A guide to slippery slope arguments, fear-based chains of consequences, and how LogicLens can help readers inspect causal claims.

Straw Man Fallacy

Learn the straw man fallacy, distorted arguments, and how LogicLens can help readers compare a response with the claim it is supposed to answer.

Sunk Cost Fallacy

Understand sunk cost fallacy, past-investment reasoning, and how LogicLens can help readers notice backward-looking justifications.

Language and framing

Visible wording and framing patterns that can push readers toward a reaction before the evidence has been weighed.

Loaded Language

Learn how loaded language shapes reader reaction, with examples of emotionally charged wording and how LogicLens can help readers notice it.

Emotional Language

A guide to emotional language in news, opinion, and social posts, and how LogicLens can help readers separate feeling from evidence.

Negative Framing

Understand negative framing, selective emphasis, and how LogicLens can help readers notice when wording steers them toward a negative interpretation.

Misleading Spin

Learn how misleading spin works in articles and commentary, and how LogicLens can help readers inspect wording that is true but tilted.

Scare Quotes

A guide to scare quotes, skeptical quotation marks, and how LogicLens can help readers notice subtle doubt cues in writing.

Leading Question

Understand leading questions, subtle answer-steering, and how LogicLens can help readers notice questions that frame the conclusion.

Hyperbole

Learn how hyperbole and exaggeration influence readers, and how LogicLens can help flag overstated wording in online content.

Understatement

A guide to understatement and minimization, with examples of how LogicLens can help readers notice when language downplays significance.

Evidence and context

Evidence, sourcing, and context problems that can make technically true writing incomplete or misleading.

Missing Context

Learn how missing context changes meaning in news and commentary, and how LogicLens can help readers look for context gaps.

Oversimplification

Understand oversimplification, missing nuance, and how LogicLens can help readers spot when complex issues are made too simple.

Ambiguous Claim

A guide to ambiguous claims, vague terms, and how LogicLens can help readers notice statements that are hard to verify.

Unsupported Claim

Learn how unsupported claims work, why confident statements need evidence, and how LogicLens can help readers notice evidence gaps.

Opinion Presented as Fact

Understand opinion presented as fact, why it matters in commentary and news, and how LogicLens can help readers separate judgment from evidence.

Vague Sourcing

A guide to vague sourcing, anonymous attribution, and how LogicLens can help readers inspect claims backed by unclear sources.

Source Mismatch

Learn source mismatch, citation problems, and how LogicLens can help readers notice when a link or source does not support the claim.

Cherry Picking

Understand cherry picking, selective evidence, and how LogicLens can help readers notice when examples are chosen to steer a conclusion.

Bias by Omission

A guide to bias by omission, missing evidence, and how LogicLens can help readers notice what an article leaves out.